| PAS_1 |
"Germination of Seeds Under Water - 1. Out of 78 genera of 24 families, 43 genera germinated in water. Even some of the 35 genera which did not germifiate under the conditions of the experiment germinated if fewer seeds were placed in the flask of water. 2. Amongst 43 genera which germinated in the water, 18 genera showed no decided difference between the germination in the water and that on filter paper, and 2 genera germinated better under water than on the paper. 3. The ability to germinate under water was obtained more generally for small seeds, and was not related to phylogeny or to the kinds of reserve material in the seeds. 4. Out of 21 kinds of seeds which germinated well in distilled water, 20 kinds germinated in boiled distilled water covered with paraffin oil. 5. Several seeds which did not germinate in water were able to germinate when the water was in contact with pure oxygen instead of with air. 6. White clover (Trifolium repens) seeds germinated as well in water as on filter paper at optimum temperature (15⚬ C), but gave nearly 10 times as large percentage of germination in water as on filter paper at 32⚬ C. and at 38⚬ C. 7. Treatment or removal of seed coats was effective in increasing the germination of white clover seeds on filter paper at 38⚬ C., but better results were obtained in water with the seeds treated in the same way. 8. White clover seeds are able to germinate in boiled water sealed with paraffin oil, but are not able to germinate in a vacuum at the optimum temperature. They germinate better in a sealed air chamber over water than in common Petri dishes at 32⚬. C., and still better germination was observed in 60-percent H2 mixture with air, but 60-percent N2 mixture was not as favorable as air. 9. Sweet clover (Melilotus) seeds germinate equally well in water and on filter paper at high or low temperatures, but they germinate much more quickly in water at high temperature than on the paper. 10. The seeds of red clover (Trifolium pratense) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) germinate equally well at the optimum temperature in water and on filter paper, but germination is poorer in water than on paper at temperatures higher than the optimum. 11. Celery (Apium graveolens) germinates more slowly in water, but shows no difference between water and filter paper in final percentage of germination. The maximum temperature, however, is higher on filter paper than in water.12. The seeds of water cress (Roripa nasturtium Rusby) germinate better in water than on filter paper when the temperature is higher than the optimum (15⚬ C.). These seeds also have a higher maximum temperature in water." https://www.jstor.org/stable/2435353 |
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