| PAS_1 |
"Deep ploughing of nursery area during April-May will facilitate the exposure of pupae to high temperature and thus destroy them. Sowing of Castor around tobacco nursery 15 days before sowing of tobacco so that the castor puts up sufficient foliage by the time Spodoptera infestation builds up. The castor seedlings attract female moths of Spodoptera for egg laying. Leaves having egg masses and tiny caterpillars are clipped and destroyed. Four `litlure' pheromone traps are installed (loaded with 2.5 mg pheromone per vial) per acre two weeks after germination. If the catch of male Spodoptera moths is more than 5 per trap 1 % neem seed kernel suspension (NSKS) in water on 3 week old seedlings and 2% NSKS on 4 week old seedlings is to be sprayed. For preparing 10 litres of 1% NSKS 100 gm of neem seed kernel powder is taken and placed in a small muslin cloth bag. The bag is dipped in a bucket (or any vessel) containing 10 litres of water and the bag is squeezed for 15 minutes to obtain a light brownish liquid. This suspension can be directly sprayed on tobacco seedlings. For preparing 2% NSKS of 10 litres, 200 gm of neem seed kernel powder is to be taken and prepared as above. Spraying 50 litres of 1% NSKS on 3 week old seedlings and 60 litres of 2% NSKS on 4 week old seedlings or 1125 litres of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) solution prepared by 250 NPV infected larva by mixing with 250 g rice powder or starch powder during evening times or Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki @ 1.0 kg in 1125 litres of water per hectare controls the pest. If the number of seedlings damaged by Spodoptera exceeds 6 per sq.m. area spraying any one of the following insecticides from 4 weeks onwards is recommended. Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 5 g in 10 litres of water Novaluron 10 EC @ 10 ml in 10 litres of water. During cyclonic weather, tobacco caterpillar, S. litura can also be controlled by putting jaggery and rice bran baits. This is prepared by dissolving 6.25 kg jaggery in 12.5 litres of water and adding to this emamectin benzoate 5 SG 200 ml. To this 25 kg rice bran is slowly added by mixing it thoroughly with a smooth stick so that the bait is made into small balls. The bait is broadcasted on the nursery beds during evening hours to effectively control the caterpillars. The other 3 species of caterpillars viz., (1) green caterpillar, L. exigua (2) green looper P. signata and (3) black caterpillar, A. ypsilon that sometimes infest the tobacco nurseries can also be controlled by spraying any one of the above insecticides." https://ctri.icar.gov.in/for_controlPests.php |
| PAS_2 |
"Red Imported Fire Ant Influences on White Grub Populations and Soil Foraging Characteristics in Managed Turfgrass - White grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are a significant pest of managed turfgrass throughout the United States and are difficult to monitor because of their subterranean habitat. Recent reports have stated that white grubs are becoming an increasing problem in southern turfgrass. Selective removal of common turfgrass ants using labeled insecticides can cause localized outbreaks of turfgrass pest. However, white grubs and other hypogeal insects are reported to escape predation of Solenopsis invicta (Buren) and seemingly co-exist in close proximity. After two years of field experiments examining interactions between S. invicta and white grubs, as well as examining this ant’s soil foraging characteristics, it was found that the control of S. invicta has no influence on white grub populations in turfgrass. Further investigation showed S. invicta does not forage within the soil for prey as previous research on other common turfgrass ants suggests. Experimental design flaws identified and addressed during this research highlights factors affecting previous studies on ant predation of subterranean pests that likely resulted in biased data." http://etd.auburn.edu/handle/10415/2569 |
| Agro Ecological Zone |
Agro Ecological Region / Sub Region
(ICAR)
Tamil Nadu uplands and leeward flanks of south Sahyadris, hot, dry semi-arid eco-subregion (8.1),
Agro-Climatic Region (Planning
Commission)
East Coast Plains and Hill Region (XI),
Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) Southern zone (TN-5) |
| Other Community Practices |
"Application of neem oil 3%, neem oil 2% + garlic extract 2.5%, NSKE 5%, Fish oil rosin soap 40g/lit were found effective in reducing the mite damage. Significant reduction of mite population and damage was also obtained after spraying with commercial formulations of azadirachtin 1% @ 5ml/lit. of water. But repeated application at regular interval is needed to achieve maximum control." [Aratchige, N.. (2014). Mite management of coconut in Sri Lanka.]https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282842483_Mite_management_of_coconut_in_Sri_Lanka |
| Practice ID |
TAM0010000000222 |
| Reference |
HBN database |
| Annotation ID |
GIAN/GAVL/974 |
| State |
Tamil Nadu |
| PIN Code |
626001 |
Honey Bee Network Knowledge & Innovation Database (HBNKIND)