| PAS_1 |
The Effect of Allium cepa Extract on Lung Oxidant, Antioxidant, and Immunological Biomarkers in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Rats - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5968249/ |
| PAS_2 |
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| Agro Ecological Zone |
Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) Madhya Bharat plateau Western Malwa plateau, Eastern Gujarat plain, Vindhyan and Satpura range and Narmada Valley hot, moist semi-arid eco-subregion (5.2), Agro-Climatic Region (Planning Commission) Gujrat Plains And Hills Region (XIII) , Agro-Climatic Zone (NARP) Middle Gujarat Zone (GJ-3) |
| Disease Symptoms / Clinical Signs |
Discharge from the nose (mucus, pus, or blood, depending on the cause)
Coughing that may be dry or may include mucus or blood.
Rapid breathing (not always a sign of disease, such as in healthy animals after exercise)
Labored or difficult breathing; shortness of breath.
Shallow breathing. |
| Disease Description |
BRD is a general term for respiratory disease in cattle caused by a range of factors, singly or in combination. A major cause of economic losses, BRD affects the lower respiratory tract / lungs (pneumonia) or upper respiratory tract (rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis). |
| Disease Control |
Poor ventilation, closed-in working areas and heat increase are also disease-causing culprits. Avoid breathing in toxic fumes from chemical, solvents and paints. Wear protective masks when you work with chemicals and report unsafe working conditions. Go to lung screening and other health programs offered at work. |
| Disease Prevention |
The key to preventing respiratory disease is to reduce stress and to vaccinate against viruses and bacteria that cause disease. Vaccination with biological products targeting the viral and bacterial pathogens. |
| Precautions |
Specific medications that may be prescribed to treat COPD include bronchodilators to dilate the airways and help clear secretions, cough suppressants, antibiotics if there is evidence of a secondary bacterial infection, and/or corticosteroids to decrease the inflammation and ease the coughing. |
| Procedure of Use |
When the animal is suffering from lung disease, use 2 kg of white onion (Allium cepa), which is crushed into a fine paste and approximately two tumblers of mahua (Madhuca indica) liquor is added to the paste. About, 500 millilitre of this solution is drenched to the animal for three days in the morning and evening. The compound solution provides relief to the animal. |
| Etiology Causative Agent |
It usually is caused by a variety of pathogens, both viral (Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV), ParaInfluenza 3 (PI3), Adenovirus, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)) and bacterial (Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis). |
| Global Context |
Spread world wide |
| Lesson Implication |
Upon postmortem examination, 96.6% (544/563) of cattle examined had various gross lung lesions. The most important lesions identified were hydatidosis, emphysema, congestion, and atelectasis with prevalence of 45.3%, 19.2%, 18.1%, and 6.4%, respectively. |
| Other Medications / Treatments |
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| Limitations of Approaches |
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| Other Community Practices |
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| Practice ID |
DTP0010000003038 |
| Reference |
Dahod/99/9 |
| Annotation ID |
GIAN/GAVL/1253 |
| Reference |
Dahod/99/9 |
| Scout |
HBN |
Honey Bee Network Knowledge & Innovation Database (HBNKIND)