Practice Name:

Preventive for Foot-and-Mouth

Affected Animal	Cattle
Affected Animal (Scientific Name)
Affected Animal (Taxonomy)
Affected Animal (Vernacular)
Category	Veterinary Care
Disease	Foot and mouth disease (FMD)
Disease Attak Stage
Disease Common Name
Disease Group
Disease Distribution

Innovator / Knowledge Provider	Bhagwanbhai Hemrajbhai Patel
City / District	Patan
KVK District	Krushi Vigyan Kendra, Saraswati Gram Vidhyapith, Samoda, Ta. Sidhpur
Address	Hirapur, Ta. Radhanpur, Patan, Gujarat
Languages Spoken	Gujarati
Vocation	Farmer
State	Gujarat
PIN Code	385340

PAS_1	"Regular vaccination and restriction of animal movement are the major mode of disease control." See: Pattnaik, B., Subramaniam, S., Sanyal, A. et al. Foot-and-mouth Disease: Global Status and Future Road Map for Control and Prevention in India. Agric Res 1, 132–147 (2012). doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-012-0012-z
PAS_2	"...vaccines with improved thermostability and a longer duration of immunity would facilitate control and make it less reliant on advanced veterinary infrastructures." See: Paton, D. J., Sumption, K. J., & Charleston, B. (2009). Options for control of foot-and-mouth disease: knowledge, capability and policy. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 364(1530), 2657–2667. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0100
Agro Ecological Zone	Rajasthan Bagar, North Gujarat plain and South Western Punjab plain, hot typic arid eco-subregion (2.3),Gujarat Plains and Hills Region (XIII),North West Agroclimatic zone (GJ-5)
Disease Symptoms / Clinical Signs
Disease Description	Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a severe, highly contagious viral disease of livestock that has a significant economic impact. The disease affects cattle, swine, sheep, goats and other cloven-hoofed ruminants. FMD is characterised by fever and blister-like sores on the tongue and lips, in the mouth, on the teats and between the hooves. https://www.oie.int/enimal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Foot-and-mouth-disease/
Disease Control
Disease Prevention
Precautions	The medicine should be used prior to the occurrence of foot-and-mouth disease in animals. The remedy does not work after the outbreak of the disease.
Procedure of Use	Drops of milky latex of crown flower plant (Calotropis gigantea) are applied on the backbone from behind the hump through the spine-end, only one time, on the affected animal.
Etiology Causative Agent
Global Context	Various types of FMD viruses have been identified in Africa, South America, Asia, and some parts of Europe.
Lesson Implication	a. FMD is a highly contagious viral disease of livestock. The virus can transmit through animal-to-animal contact, air, animal products (milk/dung/meat etc), contaminated food supplement, soil, water and also through contaminated objects in farm. b. FMD has no specific cure/treatment available till now, thus only prevention can control the spread of the disease. c. The high variablity of the virus strain is problematic for the application of a particular vaccine. Also, regular vaccination is required as their effect lasts only for limited time. Better control measures include isolation, proper sanitization of the farm, regular checking of the cattles along with proper vaccination strategy. d. The latex from C. gigantea plant has proven anti-microbial and wound-healing properties. It can be used as topical solution to treat the FMD lesions in cattles but it can neither cure the disease nor prevent it. See: Sarkar, Suchintya & Chakraverty, Raja & Ghosh, Amitava. (2014). Calotropis Gigantea Linn. - A Complete Busket Of Indian Traditional Medicine. ijprs.
Other Medications / Treatments
Limitations of Approaches	C. gigantea has known anti-microbial and wound-healing property which may lessen the FMD infection in the affected parts of the animal. But it has no role in prevention and cure of FMD.
Other Community Practices
Practice ID	DTP0010000000038
Reference	HBN database
Annotation ID	GIAN/GAVL/1344
Reference	HBN database
Scout	HBN