| PAS_1 |
Cumin:
In India, the seeds are powdered and used in different forms like kashaya (decoction), arishta (fermented decoction), and vati (tablet/pills), and processed with ghee (a semifluid clarified butter). In traditional medicine practices of several countries, dried cumin seeds are believed to have medicinal purposes, although there is no scientific evidence for any use as a drug or medicine. In southern Indian states, a popular drink called jira water is made by boiling cumin seeds.
Asafoetida:
In Afghanistan hot water extract of the dried gum is taken orally for hysteria and whooping cough and to treat ulcers. Decoction of the plant is taken orally as a vermifuge in China. Hot water extract of the dried root is taken orally as an antispasmodic, a diuretic, a vermifuge and an analgesic in Egypt. Gum is chewed for amenorrhea in Malaysia and as antiepileptic in Morocco. Water extract of the resin in Nepal is taken orally as an anthelmintic and in Saudi Arabia dried gum is used medicinally for whooping cough, asthma, and bronchitis. In Brazil hot water extract of the dried leaf and stem is taken orally by males as an aphrodisiac and oleoresin powder, crushed with the fingertips, is used as a condiment. Fluid extract of the resin is taken orally as an emmenagogue, a stimulating expectorant, an anthelmintic, an aphrodisiac, and a stimulant to the brain and nerves and claimed to be a powerful antispasmodic in United State.
Commiphora weightii:
The use of guggul plant in the treatment of diseases occupies an important place in ayurveda, the traditional medicine system of india. It responsible for reducing fat, indicated for healing Bone Fracture to inflammation, Arthritis, Atherosclerosis, Obesity, Hyperlipidemia, Rheumatism, Haemorrhids, Urinary disorder, skin disease high cholesterol, neuro-degenertion, Parkinson's diseases, mongolism and ageing process. |
| PAS_2 |
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| Agro Ecological Zone |
Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) Central Highlands (Malwa), Gujarat Plain (5.1) , Agro-Climatic Zone (Planning Commission) Gujarat Plains and hills region (XIII), Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) North Saurashtra, South Saurashtra (GJ-6,GJ-7) |
| Disease Symptoms / Clinical Signs |
The common pain symptoms like restlessness, twitching of ears, shaking of head, bruxism, rubbing against fixed objects, pawing at the affected site and evading the affected site were observed in horn affections. |
| Disease Description |
Purulent horn refers to a conical protuberant mass of keratin arising from the surface of the skin. It is a relatively rare tumor, most often arising on sun-exposed skin in elderly animal. The significance of the horn corresponds to an underlying condition, which may be benign, premalignant, or malignant. |
| Disease Control |
To control cases of retained placenta we need to focus on the control of causative & predisposing factors. Other method includes amputation by flap method which revealed cauliflower like growth at the time of surgery. |
| Disease Prevention |
prevention of purulent horn includes amputation of the purulent horn, application of 5% liquor formaldehyde (Pandya, 1932) or radium therapy with deep X- rays by implanting radium needles in the horn cavity (Joslin, 1972) or immunization with an autogenous vaccine (Pachauri and Singh, 1978) or cauterisation with copper sulphate and chemotherapy using vincristine was (Udharwar et. al, 2008) were recommended. |
| Precautions |
1) It is better to understand the causative & predisposing factors and try to control and prevent the occurrence of purulent horn condition.
2) Regarding the use of herbal plants, understand the type of plant, parts to be used, preparation, storage, formulation, dosage, mode of use by consulting a professional before use. |
| Procedure of Use |
Farmer Javerbhai pithabhai raval of village Katamai poshantmagar, district Bhavnagar of Gujarat feeds Cumin, Asafoetida, Commiphora weightii [Common name-Jeera, Devils’s dung, Gugal, Family-Apiaceae, Umbelliferae, Burseraceae], to the animal in case of treatment of purulent horn condition by providing viscous herbal paste. According to his experience this viscous paste is applied on the affected part of the horn and it is bandaged. Only one application of the paste is sufficient for cure or purulent horn This method is used by many farmers in the village. Javerbhai has himself been using it for the last six to seven years. |
| Etiology Causative Agent |
The etiology of the purulent horn itself is unclear; the underlying associated skin disorder is the precipitating factor. The horn is composed of compact hyperkeratosis, which may be either orthokeratotic or parakeratotic in nature. The base displays features of the pathologic process responsible for the underlying lesion. Because of the potential of malignancy at the base of a cutaneous horn. |
| Global Context |
Purulent horn condition in livestock animals is spread worldwide. The condition is more common in non-descriptive animal than farm animal. |
| Lesson Implication |
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| Other Medications / Treatments |
The goal of an ideal therapy of purulent horn condition would be to ampute the horn by appropriate surgical methods. As well as eliminate the causative agent & take care of predisposing causes.
1. Amputation of horn:
Surgical anatomy:
After 2months of the age, only the horns attach the skull
At 4-6 months, frontal sinus open into horn and then enlarges as horn grows.
Horn growth occurs , at the ring of skin tissue, 1-1.5 cm around the base of horn
Restraint:
Young calves are straddled and handheld.
Cows and bulls – nose leads in addition to halters.
Anasthesia:
cornual nerve block
Site:
On corneal nerve, just under the shelf of frontal crest or temporal line midway between orbit and base of horn.
Sedation, if necessary: Xylazine 0.1 mg/ kg iv
Methods of amputation of horn:
Chemical
Thermocautery
Cutting
Chemical (within 3 to 7 days of birth)
Use caustic paste of sodium or potassium or calcium hydroxide on horn button. Care should be taken to avoid contact of this paste with the eyes
Thermal (7days to 2 months of age)
Clip hair around the base of horn button. The dehorner used should completely fit to the base of horn button (Temp. = 500 – 600 degree Celcius)
Portable (Butane powered dehorners, rechargeable battery powered dehorner). Apply sufficient pressure to the skull of small calves, while using thermal dehorners, by twisting it back and forth. After dehorning, a complete white rim of bone at the base can be seen. This indicates that blood supply to horn bud is completely cut.
Cutting dehorning
Tube dehorner – apply the instrument over the base of a horn bud. Twist, make a circular cut, then a twist upward scoop out the horn. There will be minimal haemorrhage.
Scoop/gauge dehorner
Electrically powered dehorning saws
Obstetrical wire |
| Limitations of Approaches |
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| Other Community Practices |
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| Practice ID |
DTP00100000001292 |
| Reference |
Bhavnagar-97/3 |
| Annotation ID |
GIAN/GAVL/1388 |
| Reference |
Bhavnagar-97/3 |
| Scout |
HBN |
Honey Bee Network Knowledge & Innovation Database (HBNKIND)