| PAS_1 |
|
| PAS_2 |
|
| Agro Ecological Zone |
Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) North Gujarat plain (Inclusive of Aravalli range and East Rajasthan Uplands) hot, dry, semi – arid eco-subregion (4.2), Agro-Climatic Zone (Planning Commission) Gujarat Plains and Hills Region (XIII) , Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) North Gujarat Agroclimatic zone (GJ-4) |
| Disease Symptoms / Clinical Signs |
Incubation period is 3-5 days. In per-acute cases, the animal may found dead, following a brief period of illness, within 8-24 hours. Severe depression and dullness and animal reluctant to move. High fever (>106-107 F). Excessive salivation and serious nasal discharge. Difficulty in breathing , severe congestion of all mucus membrane and conjuctiva. |
| Disease Description |
HS is an acute bacterial disease of cattle and buffaloes , sometimes sheep, goat and camels. It is clinically characterized by high fever (>106-107 F), swelling at throatand neck, severe dyspnea & depression and high mortality. |
| Disease Control |
The vaccine should be given before one month of monsoon (expected outbreak season). 3 kinds of HS vaccines used in animal: 1) Plain bacterin, to be repeated at 4 months intervals. 2) Alum precipitated bacterin, give at 6 month interval. 3) Oil adjuvant bacterins, to be administered annualy. |
| Disease Prevention |
HS can be prevented by sticking to vaccination schedule. |
| Precautions |
keep everything clean – materials like mud or bedding on clothes, boots equipment or vehicles can carry the bacteria from farm to farm or between different groups of livestock on the farm |
| Procedure of Use |
"Farmer Lalajibhai of district Valsad treat HS in animal. Dried flower of Madhuca indica(about 150-200 g), spines of `Karval', bark of deshi `Khajur's (Phoenix sylvestris) fruit, bark of `Indrajav' (Holarrhena antidysenterica) and either bark or fruit of `Hadena - Amba' (Dendrophthoe spp.) are pounded together. The pounded mixture is given orally to the animal to cure `Galasundha' disease (Honey Bee, 3(1):17, 1992)." |
| Etiology Causative Agent |
HS caused by Pasturella multocida. It has many serotypes, of which B:2 is more common in cattle and buffalo in Pakistan. |
| Global Context |
The disease may be seen at any time of year sporadically, but the worst epidemics occurs during the monsoon season, when there is stress of high temperature and humidity. |
| Lesson Implication |
Main signs of HS are mainly due to inflammation of throat and upper respiratory tract and septicaemia |
| Other Medications / Treatments |
Antibiotics drugs (Tetracyclin, Streptomycin, Penicilin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol), Antiinflammatory drugs (Dexamethazone, Avil, Mepyramine maleate), Antipyretic drugs (Phenylbutazone, Sodium salicylate) |
| Limitations of Approaches |
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| Other Community Practices |
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| Practice ID |
KNW0010000000274 |
| Reference |
HBN database |
| Annotation ID |
GIAN/GAVL/1606 |
| Reference |
HBN database |
| Scout |
HBN |
Honey Bee Network Knowledge & Innovation Database (HBNKIND)