| PAS_1 |
Caesalpinia Crista of family Fabaceae is a moderately size deciduous tree, growing wild throughout the deciduous forest of India. It is popular in indigenous system of medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathy. In the traditional system of medicine various plant parts such as leaves, stem, root, seed and oils are used as anthelmentic, febrifugal, periodic, tonic, and vesicant. They are used to treat colic, convulsions, leprosy, and palsy. The oil from the seeds is said to soften the skin and remove pimples. The bark is antiperiodic, rubefacient and to counteract toothache. The present review is therefore, an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature review on its pharmacological properties and medicinal uses of plant Lata karan[Manisha et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND MEDICINAL USES OF LATAKARANJ [CAESALPINIA CRISTA LINN.]: A REVIEW ARTICLE, wjpmr, 2019,5(1), 200-201] |
| PAS_2 |
Aesalpinia crista L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is a well-known medicinally useful plant. The plant grows mainly on the river banks in tidal forests near the eastern sea-coast from Orissa, and western sea-coast from Konkan southwards, and in the Sunderbans in West Bengal, in Bhopal and Himachal Pradesh. It is traditionally valued and reported for treating anthelmintic, tumour, removing the placenta, anti-microbial, liver disorders, febrifugal, pain, inflammation, rheumatism, respiratory disorders, fever, stone in the bladder, malarial fever treatment of hernia, swellings, asthma and colic. Caesalpinia crista contains alkaloids, cassane-diterpenes, flavonoids, nor-cassane diterpenes, proteins, saponins, triterpenoids, etc. Root, stem, leaves and seed are used as anthelmintic, anti-inflammation, analgesic activity, antioxidant, anti-tumour, anti-malarial activity.[ Upadhyay, Pooja & Joshi, Bhuwan & Sundriyal, Ankush & Uniyal, Sushmita. (2019). Caesalpinia crista L.: A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties.] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332865933_Caesalpinia_crista_L_A_review_on_traditional_uses_phytochemistry_and_pharmacological_properties |
| Agro Ecological Zone |
Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) Central Highlands (Malwa), Gujarat Plain (5.1) , Agro-Climatic Zone (Planning Commission) Gujarat Plains and hills region (XIII), Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) North Saurashtra, South Saurashtra (GJ-6,GJ-7) |
| Disease Symptoms / Clinical Signs |
Abdominal Pain, Colic, Diarrhoea, Brisket Oedema, Weight Loss, Reduce milk Production, Pica, Anaemia, Aggravated appetite etc. Animals carrying a burden of internal worms will suffer from lowered immune systems, which can be troublesome if there are sudden changes in weather (cool damp weather will quickly trigger the calves to start coughing). Only on rare occasions have I seen an animal so severely parasitized that they are near dead due to anaemia (loss of blood due to parasite action). This will present as an animal that has a swollen-looking jaw (fluid filled), very white mucous membranes (mouth, eye sockets, vulva), and is extremely weak—most likely lying down. Sometimes these young animals will also have ulcers in their mouth. |
| Disease Description |
THE TAPEWORM and roundworm parasites reported to affect cattle tliroughoiit the world comprise over 70 different species. Although some species occur infrequently and others are comparatively harmless to their bovine hosts, some exact a heavy annual toll from the beef and dairy industries. Losses are due to deaths from gross parasitism, lowered vitality and resultant poor growth and performance, and condemnation, in the course of meat inspection, of carcasses or edible parts as a result of invasion by parasites. Members of these two groups of parasites—tapeworms and roundworms—vary considerably in their location, structure, and harmfulness. The cestodes, or tapeworms, of cattle are found as adults in the intestine and as larval forms in the muscles, liver, lungs, and other viscera. The adults are elongated, flattened worms consisting of a head and a chain of segments, each having both male and female reproductive organs, and terminal segments containing mature egg*s. The larval forms, commonly referred to as bladder worms because they resemble a bladder in shape, are intermediate asexual stages of tapeworms that live as adults in the intestines of man and other animals.
[BY DALE A. PORTER , Tapeworm and Roundworm Parasites of Cattle] https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/IND43893861/PDF |
| Disease Control |
Control measures for any parasite depend on complete knowledge of its life history. Studies of the developmental stages usually reveal one in which the parasite is vulnerable to natural or man-made barriers and in which the life cycle may be broken. As research on parasites of cattle continues, control measures should be found which, if not capable of eradicating parasitism, certainly will be instrumental in reducing its toll. Some general recommendations for the control of the more common tapeworm and roundworm parasites are given below.
Adult tapeworms in the intestine,—The transmission of these tapeworms (Moniezia species) involves certain free-living mites as intermediate hosts, but as yet too little is known about their life history or habits to make full recommendations for control. However, since young stock is most often affected, pastures known to be a source of infection should be closed to calves.
Tapeworm cysts of the liver and other viscera.—The control of hydatids and thin-necked bladder worms, both intermediate stages of adult tapeworms in canines, depends on some barrier between dogs and cattle. To effect this barrier, stray dogs and other canines should be kept off farms and suppressed by appropriate measures. Also, dogs belonging on the premises should be kept free of tapeworms by suitable remedies. (See Internal Parasites of Dogs and Cats, p. 1150. ) As a precaution against infection of dogs with tapeworms, the viscera of slaughtered cattle, sheep, and hogs should be disposed of in such a manner as to be inaccessible to the dogs.
Tapeworm cysts of the muscles.—to prevent cattle from acquiring the cysticcrcus of the human tapeworm. Taenia saginata^ care should be taken that human feces are not disposed of in such a manner as to contaminate the feed and drinking water of the cattle. Prevention of tapeworm in the human being is simple and effective: Cook beef thoroughly. |
| Disease Prevention |
Regular Deworming , |
| Precautions |
|
| Procedure of Use |
As informed by farmer Veljibhai Makanbhai from Bhavnagar district of Gujarat, calves are more susceptible to tapeworm infestation. The abdomen of the affected calf distends, its legs are thin and the animal looks feeble. For control of this infection, Veljibhai feeds the calf 10 g black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds mixed with fodder once daily for 3 - 4 days. This gives relief to animal. He is using this treatment over many years. There is no side effect of this traditional medicine. |
| Etiology Causative Agent |
Tapeworm (Cestode) |
| Global Context |
Economic losses caused by cattle parasites in Brazil were estimated, considering the potential damage of all effects of parasitism on cattle productivity. The results were based on reported yield losses among untreated animals and reflected some of the effects of parasitic diseases. According to the authors, the economic im-pacts were, in USD billions: gastrointestinal nematodesUS$7.11; cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus) US$3.24; horn fly (Haematobia irritans) US$2.56; cattle grub (Dermatobia hominis) US$0.38; New World screwwormfly (Cochliomyia hominivorax) US$0.34; and stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) US$0.34. Consequently, the combined annual economic loss due to internal and externalparasites was estimated to be at least USD 13.96 billion. [Eckstein, Camila & Lopes, Luciano & Romero Nicolino, Rafael & Oliveira, Camila Stefanie & Haddad, João. (2015). Economic impacts of parasitic diseases in cattle. CAB Reviews Perspectives in Agriculture Veterinary Science Nutrition and Natural Resources. 10. 1. 10.1079/PAVSNNR201510051.] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306120156_Economic_impacts_of_parasitic_diseases_in_cattle |
| Lesson Implication |
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| Other Medications / Treatments |
Using broad spectrum deworming drugs or regular interval. |
| Limitations of Approaches |
Local availability of herbal ingredients, their parts in particular form, vehicle to use the preparations; induction of proper dosage, etc. |
| Other Community Practices |
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| Practice ID |
DTP0010000000722 |
| Reference |
HBN database |
| Annotation ID |
GIAN/GAVL/1802 |
| Reference |
HBN database |
| Scout |
HBN |
Honey Bee Network Knowledge & Innovation Database (HBNKIND)