| PAS_1 |
Baral Sanjay Raj1 *, Swamy Shivakumar1 , Bhattarai Bimbishar1 , Dahal Prasanna , Evaluation of anti-ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo leaves in experimental animals. INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Pharm. 2013, 4 (12) Accessed at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325038506_Evaluation_of_anti-ulcer_activity_of_ethanolic_extract_of_Dalbergia_sissoo_leaves_in_experimental_animals on Aug-7 2020 |
| PAS_2 |
“anti-inflammatory activity of the 90% ethanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo leaves” gave positive results [Hajare, S.W., Chandra, S., Sharma, J., Tandan, S.K., Lal, J. and Telang, A.G., 2001. Anti-inflammatory activity of Dalbergia sissoo leaves. Fitoterapia, 72(2), pp.131-139. |
| Agro Ecological Zone |
Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) Central Highlands (Malwa), Gujarat Plain (5.1) , Agro-Climatic Zone (Planning Commission) Gujarat Plains and hills region (XIII), Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) North Saurashtra, South Saurashtra (GJ-6,GJ-7) |
| Disease Symptoms / Clinical Signs |
Signs of bovine ephemeral fever, which occur suddenly and vary in severity, can include:
• Biphasic to polyphasic fever (40°–42°C [104°–107.6°F])
• Shivering
• In appetence
• Serous nasal discharge
• Drooling
• Pulmonary emphysema
• Increased heart rate
• Tachypnea or Dyspnea
• Atony of Fore stomachs
• Depression
• Stiffness and Lameness
• Sudden decrease in milk yield
Clinical signs are generally milder in water buffalo. Affected cattle may become recumbent and paralyzed for 8 hours to >1 week. After recovery, milk production can fail to return to normal levels until the next lactation. There are anecdotal reports of abortions. This might be an indirect consequence of the disease, because the virus does not appear to cross the placenta or affect the fertility of the cow. Apparently, bulls, heavy cattle, and high-lactating dairy cows are the most severely affected, but spontaneous recovery usually occurs within a few days. More insidious losses may result from decreased muscle mass and lowered fertility in bulls. https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/bovine-ephemeral-fever/bovine-ephemeral-fever |
| Disease Description |
Bovine ephemeral fever (or 3-day sickness) is an acute febrile illness of cattle and water buffaloes. Caused by an arthropod-borne rhabdovirus, bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), the disease occurs seasonally over a vast expanse of the globe encompassing much of Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Australia. Although mortality rates are typically low, infection prevalence and morbidity rates during outbreaks are often very high, causing serious economic impacts through loss of milk production, poor cattle condition at sale and loss of traction power at harvest. There are also significant impacts on trade to regions in which the disease does not occur, including the Americas and most of Europe. In recent years, unusually severe outbreaks of bovine ephemeral fever have been reported from several regions in Asia and the Middle East, with mortality rates through disease or culling in excess of 10–20%. There are also concerns that, like other vector-borne diseases of livestock, the geographic distribution of bovine ephemeral fever could expand into regions that have historically been free of the disease. ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4624662/#CR6 ) |
| Disease Control |
• Control of movement
• Isolation and Quarantine Measures |
| Disease Prevention |
• Vaccination
• Vector Control
• Water Bodies Management |
| Precautions |
Corticosteroids should be avoided |
| Procedure of Use |
Use of sisso (Dalbergia sissoo), neem (Azadirachta indica), "taapdu" and edible oil for treatment of ephemeral fever in animal. According to Ranabhai Shamjibhai from Bahvnagar district of Gujarat, frequent discharge of watery fluid from the nose is observed in animal suffering from ephemeral fever. This makes the animal restless. Bullock and buffalo are more susceptible to this disease. For control of this disease in bullock, it is administered 2 - 3 drenches of edible oil daily for three days. For curing the same in buffalo, sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) tops, "taapdu" and neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves are burnt with grass and its smoke is placed near the buffalo for inhalation thrice a day for 3 days. This gives relief to the animal... |
| Etiology Causative Agent |
|
| Global Context |
How widespread the problem is : It occurs over a vast expanse of the globe from the southern tip of Africa to the Nile River Delta, across the Middle East through South and South-East Asia, into northern and eastern Australia, and throughout most of China, extending into Taiwan, the Korean Peninsula and souther n Japan. ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4624662/#CR6 ) |
| Lesson Implication |
|
| Other Medications / Treatments |
For treatment of BEF, NSAID and General Supportive treatments are being used. |
| Limitations of Approaches |
Burning and making Smoke around Animals, Prescription of dose in the form of smoke, calculation of amount of smoke inhaled by animal, Co poisoning Chances |
| Other Community Practices |
|
| Practice ID |
DTP0010000000 845 |
| Reference |
HBN database |
| Annotation ID |
GIAN/GAVL/1819 |
| Reference |
HBN database |
| Scout |
HBN |
Honey Bee Network Knowledge & Innovation Database (HBNKIND)