Practice Name:

To Constipation in Animal

Affected Animal
Affected Animal (Scientific Name)	1. Bos Taurus and 2. Bubalus bubalis
Affected Animal (Taxonomy)	Bovidae
Affected Animal (Vernacular)	1. Gai, gau. 2. Bhais, bhohis
Category	Veterinary Care
Disease	Constipation
Disease Attak Stage
Disease Common Name	Constipation
Disease Group	Digestive disorder
Disease Distribution	It is twice as common in females as males and is also more common in nonwhites than whites, although the distribution by race is less consistent than the distributions by age or gender. Constipation is also more common among those with lower socioeconomic status and education levels .Despite its significant impact, the etiology of constipation remains largely unknown. The variety of symptoms and risk factors associated with constipation suggest that its etiology is likely to be multifactorial. Although epidemiologic studies cannot establish etiologic relationships, consistent epidemiologic distributions may suggest potential causative risk factors. The more uniform the epidemiologic pattern, the more likely an environmental agent(s) may be contributing to its etiology. Elucidation of the epidemiology of constipation, therefore, is helpful both in suggesting potential etiologic risk factors and in identifying populations that are at highest risk of developing this condition. Once high-risk populations are identified, they can be targeted for treatment or possibly even, for interventions that might prevent the development of this often debilitating cond, Constipation demonstrates a distinct geographic distribution, being more common in rural states, northern or mountainous states, and poorer states. The unique geographic pattern of constipation seems to suggest the influence of three global environmental factors: rural living, colder temperatures, and lower socioeconomic status. Finally, constipation is more common among patients with a wide variety of neurologic diseases, indicating the possibility of a shared environmental risk factor.

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Innovator / Knowledge Provider	Dhirubhai Bhimajibhai Nariya
City / District	Bhavnagar
KVK District	Krishi Vigyan Kendra, At- Lok Bharati Sanosara, Ta- Sinhor, Dist.-Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
Address	At. Dadhiya, Savarkundla Bhavnagar, Gujarat
Languages Spoken	Gujarati
Vocation	Farmer
State	Gujarat
PIN Code	364530

PAS_1	Medicinal plants have a vital role to preserve the human healthy life. The large family Euphorbiaceae contains nearly about 300 genera and 7,500 species. Generally they are the flowering plants. Amongst all, the Ricinus communis or castor plant has high traditional and medicinal value for maintain the disease free healthy life. Traditionally the plant is used as laxative, purgative, fertilizer and fungicide etc. whereas the plant possess beneficial effects such as anti-oxidant, antihistamic, Antinociceptive, antiasthmatic, antiulcer, immunemodulatory, Antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, Antifertility, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, central nervous system stimulant, lipolytic, wound healing, insecticidal and Larvicidal and many other medicinal properties. This activity of the plant possess due to the important phytochemical constituents like flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids and steroids etc. The aim of this paper is to explain the details of phyto-pharmacological properties of Ricinus communis for the future research work.[ Jena, Jitendra & Gupta, Ashish. (2012). Ricinus communis linn: A phytopharmacological review. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 4. 25-29.] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235417877_Ricinus_communis_linn_A_phytopharmacological_review
PAS_2	Ricinus communis L. family Euphorbiaceae importance has the use of different parts of this plant for the treatment of different diseases. The Preliminary Phytochemical studied of R. communis revealed the presence of Steroids, Saponins, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, and Glycosides. Castor beans have been used in traditional Egyptian and Greek medicine. The root of this plant is also useful as an ingredient of various prescriptions for nervous diseases and rheumatic affections such as lumbago, pleurodynia and sciatica In the Indian system of medicine, the leaf, root and seed oil of this plant have been used for the treatment of inflammation and liver disorders as they have been found to be hepatoprotective, laxative and diuretic. The antifertility activity of 50% ethanolic extract of R. communis has also been reported. Roots and aerial parts are useful in the treatment of diabetes.50% of ethanolic extract of the root, stem and leaves of this plant showed hypoglycemic activity.[ Ahmad, Nesar & Mishra, Anuradha & Ahsan, Farogh & Mahmood, Tarique & Hasan, Noorul & Khan, Zafar. (2016). RICINUS COMMUNIS: PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS AND MARKETED MEDICINAL PRODUCTS. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences. 2. 179-188.] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311282809_RICINUS_COMMUNIS_PHARMACOLOGICAL_ACTIONS_AND_MARKETED_MEDICINAL_PRODUCTS
Agro Ecological Zone	Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) Central Highlands (Malwa), Gujarat Plain (5.1) , Agro-Climatic Zone (Planning Commission) Gujarat Plains and hills region (XIII), Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) North Saurashtra, South Saurashtra (GJ-6,GJ-7)
Disease Symptoms / Clinical Signs	Usually multiple animals in a group are affected. Defecation may require severe straining for an extended period and eventually result in the passage of short columns of hard, dry faeces
Disease Description	The difficult or incomplete passage of dry hardened faeces. Faeces becomes harder, drier and more difficult to pass the longer it stays in the colon. This may occur in animals suffering reduced water intake, temporary food deprivation, environmental or social stress making them reluctant to defecate, disrupted dietary and management routines, or painful pelvic disease. In the export process, the condition is sometimes seen in the first week at sea. It is never life threatening. A typical circumstance where cattle may become constipated is after being fed a diet high in indigestible fibre in assembly points, and then being handled and transported for an extended period when dehydration and stress occur. The cattle do show signs of discomfort and straining
Disease Control
Disease Prevention	The following can help you avoid developing chronic constipation. Include plenty of high-fibre foods in your diet, including beans, vegetables, fruits, whole grain cereals and bran. Eat fewer foods with low amounts of fibre such as processed foods, and dairy and meat products. Drink plenty of fluids. Stay as active as possible and try to get regular exercise. Try to manage stress ignore the urge to pass stool. Try to create a regular schedule for bowel movements, especially after a meal. Make sure children who begin to eat solid foods get plenty of fibre in their diets.
Precautions
Procedure of Use	Using leaves of Indian bean (Dolichos lablab), common salt, mineral salt and castor (Ricinus communis) oil for treatment of constipation in animal. Leaves of Indian bean (Dolichos lablab), are boiled in water to get about 1 L decoction. When the medicine is tepid, one handful of common salt, same castor (Ricinus communis) oil and mineral salt are added to it and then drenched to the animal. This clears the constipation condition within 12-24 hours. This traditional remedy has many followers in this area.
Etiology Causative Agent	Impaction, Indigestion, Low Water intake, Low Fibres in diet, No exercise, Parasitic Load, Obstruction, Some systemic illness etc.
Global Context	The medicinal values of these plants lie in bioactive phytochemical constituents that produce definite physiological actions on the human and animal body. https://scialert.net/fulltextmobile/?doi=ajaps.2011.663.684
Lesson Implication
Other Medications / Treatments
Limitations of Approaches	Local availability of herbal ingredients, their parts in particular form, vehicle to use the preparations; induction of proper dosage, etc
Other Community Practices
Practice ID	DTP0010000000 864
Reference	HBN database
Annotation ID	GIAN/GAVL/1823
Reference	HBN database
Scout	HBN