| PAS_1 |
|
| PAS_2 |
|
| Agro Ecological Zone |
Agro-Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) Western Ghat and coastal plain hot humid (6.2),
Agro-Climatic Region (Planning Commission) Western plateau and hills region (IX),
Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) Western Ghat Zone - ZARS, Igatpuri, Dist. Nashik
Western Maharashtra Scarcity Zone (MH-6),- ZARS, Solapur
Sub Montane Zone – ZARS, Kolhapur
Plain Zone – ZARS, Ganeshkhind, Pune |
| Disease Symptoms / Clinical Signs |
Stiffness and reluctance to move are normally the first signs
Twitching and tremors of the muscles
Lockjaw
Prominent protruding third eyelid
Unsteady gait with stiff held out tail
Affected cattle are usually anxious and easily excited by sudden movements or handling.
Bloat is common because the rumen stops working
Later signs include collapse, lying on side with legs held stiffly out, spasm and death. |
| Disease Description |
Tetanus is an infection caused by bacteria called Clostridium tetani, an anaerobic (lives without air) micro-organism, in necrotic tissue. When the bacteria invade the body, they produce a poison (toxin) that causes painful muscle contractions. Another name for tetanus is “lockjaw”. This bacterium is found in the soil and the guts of animals and humans. The disease starts when the organism gets into wounded or damaged tissue as a result of contamination. |
| Disease Control |
Animal injected with tetanus toxoid |
| Disease Prevention |
Undertaking surgical procedures (such as castration) properly, in a clean environment, with disinfected instruments and surgical area, will significantly reduce the risk of tetanus. The same rules apply to calving, be as clean as possible and minimise contamination. Antitoxin can be useful as a short-acting (up to 21 days) preventative if used at high risk times, however on some farms vaccination may be better, as a three dose course of vaccination can result in protection for over three years. |
| Precautions |
|
| Procedure of Use |
Farmer Koyabhai Sankalbhai Machhi cure tetanus in cattle using roots and leaves of corkwort (Leptadenia reticulata). The animal-keeper pounds 250 g roots and 500 g leaves of corkwort (Leptadenia reticulata) together and then adds 1 L water to it. He filters the concoction through a muslin cloth after one hour, and drenches it in dosage of 250 g twice daily for two days. This protects the animal from tetanus. |
| Etiology Causative Agent |
Tetanus caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria |
| Global Context |
Tetanus in livestock animals is spread worldwide |
| Lesson Implication |
Breathing is labored. Spasmodic contractions of the muscular system occur, such as contracting muscles of the jaw. Thus, the term “lockjaw” is often used. Legs and tail are often stiff with abdominal muscles contracted. |
| Other Medications / Treatments |
Formalin inactivated tetanus toxoid administration |
| Limitations of Approaches |
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| Other Community Practices |
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| Practice ID |
DTP0010000003236 |
| Reference |
HBN database |
| Annotation ID |
GIAN/GAVL/2019 |
| Reference |
HBN database |
| Scout |
HBN |
Honey Bee Network Knowledge & Innovation Database (HBNKIND)
