Practice Name:

Diarrhoea in animal.

Affected Animal	Cattle
Affected Animal (Scientific Name)	Bos Taurus
Affected Animal (Taxonomy)	Bovidae
Affected Animal (Vernacular)	Gai, Gau
Category	Veterinary Care
Disease	Diarrhoea in animals
Disease Attak Stage	Diarrhoea is a common complaint in youne calves (particularly in the first few months of life)
Disease Common Name
Disease Group
Disease Distribution

Innovator / Knowledge Provider	Markhibhai Karabhai Pithia
City / District	Junagadh
KVK District	Krushi Vigyan Kendra, Ambuja Foundation, Ambuja Cement Plant, Kodinar (Dist. Junagadh-Gujarat)
Address	Chalwa village in Mangrol taluka of Junagadh district in Gujarat.
Languages Spoken	Gujarati
Vocation	Farmer
State	Gujarat
PIN Code	362225

PAS_1	"Manabhai of district Panchmahal treat diarrhoea in animal. 1 kg of tender sprouts of snowbush (Breynia retusa) and 50 g red soil are grinded and dissolved in 100 g of water, this is given to the affected animal in form of drenching using drench pipe. This technique completely cures the diarrhoea in animals."
PAS_2
Agro Ecological Zone	Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) Arid western Plains (5.1), Agro-Climatic Zone (Planning Commission) Gujarat Plains & Hills Region (XIII), Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) South Saurashtra Zone (GJ.7)
Disease Symptoms / Clinical Signs	Animals with diarrhoea have certain symptoms like: Lose water and salt from their bodies, Animals become weak and thin, Loss of appetite, Lose watery feaces contains mucous and sometimes blood comes along with feaces, Loss of milk production and animals can die if treatment gets delayed
Disease Description	Diarrhoea is a multifactorial disease entity that can have serious financial and animal welfare implications in dairy herds. It has been estimated that 75% of early calf mortality in dairy herds is caused by acute diarrhoea in the pre-weaning period.
Disease Control
Disease Prevention	Reversing dehydration by providing fluids (replacement electrolytes), meeting energy requirements (milk feeds or energy supplements), providing intestinal protectants such as kaolin, providing a warm, dry environment for the calf.
Precautions	Maintain food quality in animal as well as maintain hygienic condition in herd.
Procedure of Use	According to Markhibahi Pithia belonging to village Chalwa in Mangrol taluka of Junagadh district, the remedy affected case of Diarrhoea is to give an animal orally 150 gm powder of kalijeeri, divide the dose in three parts (each are 50 gm) be given in two days. By this treatment diarrhoea will stop Kang and Banti can also be used to stop diarrhoea in an animal. He himself developed this remedy.
Etiology Causative Agent	The virus responsible for FMD is an aphthovirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus. Infection occurs when the virus particle is taken into a cell of the host. The cell is then forced to manufacture thousands of copies of the virus, and eventually bursts, releasing the new particles in the blood. The virus is genetically highly variable, which limits the effectiveness of vaccination. FMD virus includes 7 serotypes namely O, A, C, Asia 1, SAT-1, SAT-2, SAT-3. Out of all serotype, serotype O is very common in India. Presently serotype O, A and Asia1 are prevalent.
Global Context	Diarrhoea in calves spreads worldwide. It is more common in young animals than adult animals.
Lesson Implication
Other Medications / Treatments	Norfloxacin and Tinidazole is found to be most effective treatment in bacterial and protozoal diarrhoea.
Limitations of Approaches
Other Community Practices
Practice ID	DTP0010000000507
Reference	HBN database
Annotation ID	GIAN/GAVL/2506
Reference	HBN database
Scout	HBN